The Triple $T\bar{T}$-Like Flow in Quantum Field Theories: Irrelevant, Marginal, and Relevant

Abstract

We introduce a one-parameter root-$T\bar T$-like flow, $ \partial_λ\mathcal{L}=\mathcal{R}_λ^{1/α}$, which organizes stress-tensor deformations into irrelevant, marginal, and relevant branches. Within duality-invariant electrodynamics in four dimensions, and equivalently within two-dimensional integrable sigma models, the flow admits a closed-form solution controlled by an auxiliary equation. The marginal point $α=1$ reproduces the root-$T\bar T$ / ModMax branch, while $α<1$ gives irrelevant deformations distinct from the standard Born-Infeld $T\bar T$ flow. For $α>1$, the same construction yields explicit relevant $T\bar T$-like Lagrangians. These results suggest that root-$T\bar T$ flows provide a common organizing principle for duality-invariant and integrable deformations.