Probing pair production of long-lived scalars via an off-shell Standard-Model-like Higgs boson at the LHC

Abstract

We study the collider phenomenology of a long-lived scalar particle $S$ that arises from Higgs mixing in a broad class of Standard-Model (SM) extensions. When the mixing angle is sufficiently small, $S$ becomes long-lived, while its pair production via the Higgs portal can remain sizable. We focus on the production channel $gg \to h^* \to SS$ at the LHC, mediated by an \textit{off-shell} SM-like Higgs boson. This mechanism provides a complementary probe of $S$ in the mass region above the kinematic threshold of the conventional on-shell decay $h \to SS$, thereby extending the accessible parameter space to heavier scalars. The long-lived $S$ particles can decay inside the inner detector, leading to displaced vertices (DVs) accompanied by jets. We perform a detailed Monte Carlo simulation and reinterpret an existing recast of an ATLAS search for DV-plus-jets signatures in this scenario. We also consider a modified analysis strategy based on the same search to assess potential improvements in sensitivity. We find that the current ATLAS search already excludes a significant region of the parameter space, reaching scalar masses up to $m_S \sim 230$ GeV for a benchmark $hSS$ coupling $λv$ of $246$ GeV. The modified analysis and projections to the high-luminosity LHC further extend the sensitivity to wider regions of the mass--lifetime parameter space.