Symmetry-Selective Stabilization of Charge-Density Wave in ScV$_6$Sn$_6$

Abstract

Charge-density-wave (CDW) order in kagome metals is highly sensitive to external tuning parameters such as chemical substitution and hydrostatic pressure, which generally suppress long-range order. Here, using high-resolution X-ray diffraction under controlled uniaxial strain, we show that anisotropic lattice deformation instead stabilizes and enhances the CDW state in ScV$_6$Sn$_6$. Compression along the [H00] and [HH0] directions lowers the crystal symmetry from hexagonal to orthorhombic, lifts the degeneracy between symmetry-equivalent in-plane CDW domains, and promotes long-range order while preserving the underlying trimer instability. Phonon calculations indicate only a moderate stabilization of the imaginary flat phonon mode, demonstrating that the increase in T$_\mathrm{CDW}$ is primarily driven by the in-plane ordering of the Sn$^\mathrm{T}$--Sc--Sn$^\mathrm{T}$ \textit{rattling} chains within the frustrated kagome lattice. A phenomenological model incorporating strain-dependent Ising couplings within a three-state Potts framework successfully reproduces the evolution of T$_\mathrm{CDW}$ under compression and captures the continuous nature of the transition. Our results establish uniaxial strain as a powerful symmetry-selective tuning parameter for order-disorder transformations in frustrated lattices.