Dark Z' at a Muon Collider: Radiative Return versus Vector Boson Fusion

Abstract

A secluded, massive Abelian gauge boson called a dark Z' may interact with the Standard Model through kinetic mixing and mass mixing in the Higgs sector. We determine the sensitivity of a future high-energy muon collider to discover such a particle and determine its mixing parameters. We examine a dark Z' with mass from 100 GeV up to the collider energy for a set of collider benchmarks up to 14 TeV. We show the discovery reach and compare to the current and proposed future colliders. A muon collider is sensitive to two complementary production modes: radiative return (muon fusion with an associated photon), and vector boson fusion of W bosons. An observable photon distinguishes these production modes and the relative rates of these processes allows one to determine the relative mixing. Soft and collinear photons in the radiative return diagram contribute to the same final state as vector boson fusion. We show that these relative rates alone can determine the mixing to an accuracy comparable to that of a fully polarized muon beam using a left-right asymmetry.