Superheating field of clean superconductors near the type-I--type-II boundary: the low-temperature Meissner stability limit of niobium

Abstract

We calculate the low-temperature superheating field $B_{\rm sh}$ of clean superconductors near the boundary between type-I and type-II superconductivity, with particular emphasis on Nb. The calculation is based on the self-consistent nonlinear nonlocal Eilenberger theory and the linear stability analysis of the Meissner state. For a Nb-like material with $κ_{\rm GL}=0.7$, we obtain $B_{\rm sh}\simeq 290\,{\rm mT}$ at $T/T_c=0.2$, using $B_{c0}\simeq 200\,{\rm mT}$. This value is substantially higher than the value obtained by naively extrapolating the Ginzburg--Landau result near $T_c$ to $T\ll T_c$. For a TESLA-shaped Nb accelerator cavity, it corresponds to an intrinsic Meissner-stability limit of about $67\,{\rm MV/m}$.