Direct observation of anisotropic surface phonon polaritons on α-quartz

Abstract

Anisotropic surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) offer extremely strong light confinement and unique light propagation characteristics, particularly on anisotropic polar crystals. Despite the classical importance of α-quartz as a prototypical uniaxial bulk crystal, real-space observation of anisotropic SPhP propagation on α-quartz has remained elusive. In this study, we report the first direct observation of SPhP propagating on an α-quartz surface using scattering-type near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). We demonstrate that the dispersion relation and propagation length of SPhPs exhibit remarkable anisotropy depending on the propagation direction relative to the optic axis of α-quartz. Furthermore, we verify that these experimental behaviors agree with theoretical calculations based on the dielectric permittivity tensors. Our results establish α-quartz as a robust, highly promising platform for light-controlling nanodevices and mid-infrared on-chip sensing.