Sharp Convergence Rates for Parabolic Green's Functions in Time-Independent Periodic Homogenization

Abstract

We study Dirichlet Green's functions associated with second-order parabolic systems with rapidly oscillating periodic coefficients that are symmetric and independent of time. For bounded $C^{1,1}$ domains, we obtain a sharp zeroth-order convergence estimate from the oscillating Green's function to its homogenized counterpart, with the optimal rate $O(\varepsilon)$ and Gaussian off-diagonal decay. For bounded $C^{2,1}$ domains, we also prove a first-order expansion for the spatial gradient in terms of Dirichlet correctors, with an $O(\varepsilon)$ error up to a logarithmic factor. In this time-independent symmetric setting, these results improve the convergence rates established by Geng in [Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ., 62(6), 2023] for parabolic systems with time-dependent periodic coefficient matrices.