The (local) geometry of oscillatory integrals on manifolds: Dimension three

Abstract

Sogge studied Kakeya problems on two extreme types of three dimensional Riemannian manifolds: Manifolds with the most symmetries (manifolds of constant sectional curvature) and manifolds with the least symmetries, which he called manifolds with chaotic curvature and variably curved manifolds. In the same paper, Sogge proposed studying manifolds with intermediate symmetry, such as (locally) symmetric spaces. In the current paper, we propose a classification of curvature conditions in the spirit of Sogge's program. In particular, these curvature conditions give a complete geometric characterization of the contact order conditions (for Riemannian distance functions), introduced when people were studying Hörmander-type oscillatory integral operators. One of these conditions generalizes Sogge's chaotic curvature condition to all finite orders: The chaotic curvature condition of order $\le k$ for every $k\ge 1,$ with the case $k=1$ corresponding to Sogge's original condition for variably curved manifolds. As byproducts of our main results, we show that there are no manifolds satisfying the chaotic curvature condition of order $\le 1$. We also show that both the chaotic curvature condition of order $\le 2$ and its failure can occur robustly under small smooth perturbations, and for every $k\ge 3$, a ``generic" manifold satisfies the chaotic curvature condition of order $\le k$. It turns out that the chaotic curvature condition of order $\le k$ is precisely the same as the notion of non-$(k+2)$-exceptional, where $k$-exceptional is introduced by Lytchak and Petrunin \cite{LP22} when studying convex sets and the non-existence of totally geodesic sub-manifolds. Thus our results imply, in particular, that every manifold is $3$-exceptional.