Integrated tunable mid-infrared electro-optic frequency comb generator based on nonlinear conversion

Abstract

Mid-infrared frequency combs enable highly selective and sensitive molecular spectroscopy by leveraging the strong vibrational transitions in this spectral region. Among these, there is a particular need for compact, tunable sources with electronic control over comb parameters for integrated sensing platforms. In this work, we demonstrate a mid-infrared electro-optic frequency comb source based on nonlinear frequency conversion in thin film lithium niobate. The system combines a near-infrared pump, amplitude-modulated using an integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator for lock-in detection, with a telecom-band electro-optic comb generated via a double-pass phase modulation scheme. Mid-infrared comb generation is achieved through difference frequency generation in a periodically poled waveguide. By tuning the telecom seed laser and the chip temperature, we obtain mid-infrared combs with a bandwidth of approximately 6 nm and center wavelength tunability of over 200 nm. The comb free spectral range is directly controlled via the applied radio-frequency modulation. Operation across multiple integrated photonic circuits reaching wavelengths up to 3.7 $μ$m is demonstrated. Furthermore, dual-tone EO comb generation in the mid-infrared is realized. To our knowledge, this is the first integrated mid-infrared electro-optic comb source offering independent electronic control of both center wavelength and comb spacing.