Hadronic tensor in lattice gauge theories by quantum computing

Abstract

The hadronic tensor encodes crucial information regarding the internal structure of hadrons, reflecting the non-perturbative features of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this work, we directly compute the hadronic tensor within (1+1)-dimensional $\rm U(1)$ and $\rm SU(2)$ gauge theories by evaluating real-time current-current correlation functions. Utilizing quantum algorithms executed on classical hardware, we demonstrate that the hadron form factors for both meson and baryon states can be reliably extracted from the hadronic tensor. Our methodology is validated by strong agreement with both direct calculation and exact diagonalization of the form factors.