Damped Harmonic Oscillator Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
Abstract
We investigate a dark-energy equation of state governed by a damped harmonic oscillator equation, admitting underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped solutions. Confronting the model against Planck CMB, DESI BAO, BBN, Cosmic Chronometers, and three Type~Ia supernova compilations, we find that the underdamped solution yields H0 = 70.9 1.1 km/s/Mpc, with DESY5 and H0 = 72.0+1.4-2.1 km/s/Mpc with Union3, reducing the tension with SH0ES to \!1.4σ, while Pantheon+ strongly favors a near-critically damped solution with positive w0 and H0 = 66.23 0.85 km/s/Mpc, revealing a significant systematic tension among supernova datasets. Bayesian evidence relative to ΛCDM is inconclusive for DES and Union3 data, demonstrating that H0 tension alleviation is achievable at no statistical cost relative to the standard model.
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