Stability of regular spherically symmetric solutions in scalar-tensor gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics

Abstract

We investigate the geometric, dynamical, and thermodynamic properties of a novel class of regular black holes in scalar-tensor gravity non-minimally coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED). By incorporating a purely magnetic NLED source, we circumvent the classical &#34;no-go&#34; theorems that prohibit regular configurations for purely electric fields under the weak energy condition. The geometric analysis demonstrates the complete resolution of the central Penrose singularity, replacing it with a regular, de Sitter-like vacuum core characterized by a globally bounded energy density ($ρ_c < \infty$). To assess the physical viability of these configurations, we analyze their dynamical stability against odd-parity (axial) linear gravitational perturbations. The derived Regge-Wheeler-like effective potential is strictly positive and convex outside the event horizon. Numerical time-domain integration, independently corroborated by the semi-analytical WKB approximation, confirms the total absence of tachyonic instabilities, revealing a stable quasi-normal ringing phase followed by an exponential decay. Furthermore, our thermodynamic analysis of the mass-radius relation reveals a strict mass gap corresponding to an extremal configuration ($M \ge M_{min}$). This indicates that the semi-classical Hawking evaporation must terminate at this extremal limit, leaving behind a massive thermodynamic remnant, thereby providing a theoretical framework toward resolving the black hole information loss paradox.