Ultra-precise Multi-fiber Optical Connectors for Astronomy

Abstract

The increasing sensitivity of modern astronomical instruments requires optical fiber connections with high crossmating stability and insertion loss as low as 1% (0.05 dB). Conventional connectors, though suitable for telecommunications, introduce excess attenuation, Fresnel reflections, and alignment instabilities that degrade throughput and calibration accuracy in astronomy. This work presents the design and characterization of ultra-low-loss optical multi-fiber connectors developed for astronomical use. Fabricated using femtosecond-laser 3-D printing, they achieve sub-micron ferrule tolerances. Preliminary metrology shows excellent hole alignment and roundness, and initial throughput tests for three simultaneously connected fibers show losses as low as 0.95% (0.04 dB). Further throughput and FRD characterization to be implemented to assess efficiency, stability, and repeatability under observatory conditions.