Exact vacuum FLRW solutions in $q$-deformed Brans-Dicke cosmology

Abstract

We study a $q$-deformed extension of Brans-Dicke gravity in a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker space-time. The deformation enters through a coupling function that modifies the effective gravitational strength and leads to generalized Friedmann equations. In the matter-free sector, we obtain exact analytic solutions for the scale factor and the Brans-Dicke scalar field, and recast the scalar contribution as an effective fluid. We show that the corresponding equation-of-state parameter and the deceleration parameter are constants and depend only on the Brans-Dicke coupling $ω$ and the deformation function, allowing the scalar sector to mimic radiation-, matter-, or dark-energy-like behavior for a restricted region of parameter space.