Advancing Threshold-Inception Modeling for Predictive Simulation of Ionic Wind Fan Performance

Abstract

This study investigates the predictive capability of a threshold inception-based multiphysics modeling approach for ionic wind fans by direct comparison with experimental measurements. A wire-to-cylinder electroaerodynamic (EAD) fan with variable electrode spacing is used as a reference system to assess the model's ability to reproduce airflow characteristics, discharge current, and performance trends under atmospheric conditions. Numerical simulations show good qualitative agreement with experimental results across all tested configurations; however, systematic deviations emerge at higher voltages and larger electrode gaps. Analysis of these discrepancies indicates that the commonly adopted assumption of perfectly smooth emitter surfaces can limit model accuracy. Experimental characterization of the emitter wire reveals micro-scale surface protrusions, which locally enhance the electric field and alter corona inception behavior. Incorporating representative surface roughness into the numerical model improves quantitative agreement with measured airflow velocities. The results demonstrate that while the threshold inception model provides a robust foundation for EAD fan simulations, electrode surface morphology is a critical factor for reliable prediction. This work advances the validation and refinement of ionic wind fan modeling methodologies and identifies key considerations for the development of more accurate engineering-oriented simulation tools.