Caustic-Driven Fluidic Microlenses for Enhanced Nonlinear and High-Energy-Density Physics

Abstract

We demonstrate that caustic microlensing occurring in a liquid jet efficiently drives linear, nonlinear, and high-energy-density phenomena. In the linear regime, caustics provide localized focusing, distinct from external high-NA optics. In the nonlinear regime, they enhance the input field at the liquid-air interface and boost surface-sensitive processes. In the high-energy-density domain, caustic-driven localized laser absorption generates gigapascal shocks using microjoule femtosecond pulses, with scalability up to repetition rates of 0.2 MHz. Caustic-driven fluidic microlensing offers opportunities for surface nonlinear optics, ultrafast science, and high-energy-density physics.