A new solution for the mass growth of Black Holes consistent with thermodynamics

Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has recently revealed evidence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) forming in the cores of high redshift galaxies that grew in mass extremely rapidly during the first billion years of the universe. In this study we present a new solution where the growth mass factor of BHs, $γ(t) \propto \dot M_{BH}/M_{BH}$, varies with time, following the changes of radiative efficiency, $ε$, and Eddington ratio, $λ_{Edd}$, caused by the variation in accretion flow. By optimizing the accretion rate, $\dot M_{BH}$, we obtained a solution that is universal, that is, which applies to any BH at any redshift. This suggests that the mass of the BH is a thermodynamics state function, in good agreement with the no hair theorem and the four laws of mechanics of BHs.