A combinatorial Approach to $α$-Ricci and Lin-Lu-Yau Ricci curvatures on Graphs

Abstract

In this paper, we study the $α$-Ricci curvature and the Lin-Lu-Yau Ricci curvature on simple, connected, and locally finite graphs. For regular graphs, we introduce a combinatorial construction of optimal transport plans realizing the 1-Wasserstein distance and use it to derive exact formulas for the $α$-Ricci curvature and the Lin-Lu-Yau Ricci curvature. This yields a combinatorial proof of the known curvature formulas. Furthermore, for non-regular graphs, we characterize conditions on the size of common neighborhoods that guarantee either non-negative or vanishing Lin-Lu-Yau Ricci curvature.