Analysis of Laser-Satellite Deconfliction for Astronomical Observatories

Abstract

We present an analysis of laser-satellite deconfliction across three astronomical laser observatories for right ascension and declination targets and fixed azimuth and elevation ranges. This study uses new visualization tools to evaluate how different science exposure durations impact the total percentage of available open-time during observing nights. We further assess the operational efficiency of laser keep-out-cone half-angles from the default 2.5 degrees down to the 0.1-degree minimum. We also directly compare the open-time differences of right ascension and declination targets vs. fixed azimuth and elevation ranges. Finally, we analyze historical trends to quantify the growing effect of satellite mega-constellations and the efficacy of specific waiver protocols on ground-based laser astronomy.