On strongly quasiconvex pseudomonotone equilibrium problems in Hadamard spaces

Abstract

We study two proximal point type methods for finding equilibrium points of pseudomonotone and strongly quasiconvex bifunctions. Extending results by A. Iusem and F. Lara, we prove the strong convergence of these methods over general complete geodesic metric spaces of nonpositive curvature, so-called Hadamard spaces. Our arguments are quite elementary and in particular effective, yielding sublinear non-asymptotic guarantees for the distance of the iterates towards the solution. These quantitative results are novel even in the context of Euclidean spaces, the original setting of the work by Iusem and Lara, and the simplicity of our arguments allows us to either weaken or even fully discharge various assumptions featuring in this previous work. We also provide an existence result for solutions of equilibrium problems generated by suitably semicontinuous, pseudomonotone and strongly quasiconvex bifunctions over general Hadamard spaces, and derive from this that every lower-semicontinuous strongly quasiconvex function over a Hadamard space has a minimizer, answering a question of the second author.