Unprecedent fast winking of solar flares triggered by bursty magnetic reconnection

Abstract

Flare ribbons form as a result of energy deposition associated with particles accelerated in low layers of the solar atmosphere. The fine-scale structures of flare ribbons, also called ribbon kernels, offer a potentially powerful diagnostic of the flare reconnection process, however to date the dynamic evolution of ribbon kernels has not been fully characterized in statistical studies. Here, we checked the state-of-the-art observations (cadence $\leq$ 2.5 seconds) of solar flares in the ultraviolet from space by Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) over the past 12 years. Our results showed the first statistical study of multiple spatially-resolved flare kernel quasi-periodic pulsation events for 31 flares, with the period of 6-24 seconds. The ribbon kernels have a spatial scale of 480$-$1200 km and some kernels exhibit unprecedent fast ``winking" process, i.e., quasi-periodic pulsation-like flashing of individual kernels. The shortest heating time reaches about 2$-$3 s, implying that the energy is deposited only in a small localized region within flare ribbons, persisting for only a few seconds. Meanwhile, some ribbon kernels were observed to slip along the ribbon at speeds of 20-1800 km s$^{-1}$. These observations strongly imply a joint picture for the dynamics and the bursty nature of ribbon kernels as being due to coupled effects of plasmoid formation and three-dimensional (3D) magnetic reconnection in the overlaying coronal current sheet. We suggest that the observed flare behaviors provide strong observational evidences of 3D bursty reconnection.