Thermodynamic Geometry, Heat Engines, and Topology of Sharma--Mittal ModMax-dRGT Black Holes

Abstract

We investigate the thermodynamic structure of charged AdS black holes in ModMax nonlinear electrodynamics coupled to dRGT-like massive gravity, incorporating Sharma--Mittal entropy corrections. The thermodynamic geometry is analyzed using the Weinhold metric in the parameter space spanned by the horizon radius and electric charge. The resulting thermodynamic Ricci scalar characterizes effective microscopic interactions, with curvature singularities signaling extremal boundaries and degeneracies of the thermodynamic metric. We further construct a rectangular black hole heat engine in the extended phase space and derive an exact expression for its efficiency, demonstrating how the ModMax parameter and massive-gravity couplings influence the enthalpy-based conversion of heat into work, while the Sharma--Mittal parameters modify the Carnot bound through corrections to the black-hole temperature. Finally, a topological analysis of the corrected temperature and generalized free energy reveals both conventional and novel critical points, and the associated conserved topological charge is investigated.