High-Fidelity Hole Spin Qubits Reveal Quadrupolar Nuclear-Bath Dynamics in Isotopically Purified Planar Germanium

Abstract

Planar Germanium has emerged as a promising platform to build spin-based large scale quantum computers. By exploiting the anisotropic hyperfine interaction of holes in Ge, qubits with long T2* have been recently realized. While the performance of single qubits is still more or less limited by 73Ge nuclear spin fluctuations, the site-to-site variation of qubit sweet spot becomes obstacles to maintaining high fidelity of each qubit across the whole wafer. To achieve high performance Ge-based quantum circuit, it is therefore essential to eliminate the origin source of hyperfine noise. In its Silicon counterparts, reduction of 29Si abundance enables exceptional high-fidelity operation. In contrast, hole qubits based on isotopically purified Ge have not been demonstrated. Here, we report the synthesis of high quality 2-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) with enriched 70GeH4 precursor. Due to the suppression of nonzero spin nucleus, the qubits' T2* on the sweet spot is moderately extended beyond 20 us, surpassing the previous best reported Ge hole qubits. More importantly, the qubits' T2* off the sweet spot is enhanced to above 3 us, enabling single qubit gate fidelity exceeding 99.9% in both operating regimes. Hahn-echo spectroscopy further resolves a finite-frequency nuclear-noise channel that is distinct from the conventional Larmor-linked hyperfine response. We associate this channel with quadrupole-modified dynamics of residual 73Ge nuclei sampling local electric-field gradients near the Ge/SiGe interface. Its field scaling and angle-dependent visibility are consistent with a qubit-visible quadrupolar nuclear-noise component transduced through the anisotropic hyperfine interaction of Ge holes. These results establish isotopically purified planar Ge as a high-coherence scalable platform for hole spin qubits and provide a spectroscopic probe of interfacial quadrupolar nuclear dynamics.