Orbital Stability of Solitons and Scattering Theory for the Perturbed Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

Abstract

We consider the following derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a single power-type perturbation \begin{equation*} i\partial_tu+\partial_x^2u+i|u|^2\partial_xu+b |u|^pu=0, \end{equation*} with $b\geq 0$ and $p\geq 4$. When $b=0$ or $p=4$, the equation possesses a family of two-parameter solitons; see, for instance, \cite{CoOh06,Oh14}. Moreover, the authors established the orbital stability/instability of these solitons. In \cite[Corollary]{CoOh06}, a criterion for orbital of solitons was proved. Using the explicit formula of solitons to compute the necessary quantities, the authors verify that the solitons are orbitally stable across most of their range of existence (i.e., $c^2 < 4ω$). When $b\neq 0$ or $p>4$, an explicit formula for the soliton profile is unavailable, making it difficult to verify the criterion in \cite{CoOh06}. In this paper, we prove the soliton profile varies smoothly with respect to parameters $b$ and $p$. More precisely, we show that the solitons change slowly when $b$ is sufficiently small or $p$ is sufficiently close to $4$. Consequently, we obtain the orbital stability of solitons in these cases. In the borderline case ($c=2\sqrtω$), the soliton still depends smoothly on the parameter $b$. However, its orbital stability or instability remains an open problem. Solutions to (dNLS) fail to scatter even for small initial data, a property originally proved for $b=0$ in \cite{BaWuXu20}. We also obtain similar results regarding the existence of modified wave operators, analogous to those in \cite{HaOz94}.