Energy estimation of cosmic rays by air shower radio signals

Abstract

We present a method for reconstructing the primary energy of cosmic ray air showers using radio emission. The approach is based on CoREAS simulations performed for both the SURA experiment and a dense reference array of antennas. By comparing the simulated electric field intensity from the dense array with that obtained for the SURA configuration, we derive a scale factor (Ci j). This scale factor exhibits a correlation with the primary energy, decreasing as energy increases. Unlike previous approaches employed by various experiments, our technique shows limited sensitivity to the shower core location. Even for the farthest core positions allowed by the array, the scale factor remains effectively independent of the core location. We also examined the accuracy and reliability of the reconstruction method. Finally, we reconstructed the primary energy of cosmic rays using our method with a maximum error of about 11% in our simulation tests.