On analytic solution of the Maxwell's equation with non-zero currents

Abstract

An analytic solution has been recently developed for the Maxwell's equation in a medium with zero currents such as vacuum. The solution is attractive in the sense that it is formulated based on the Fourier expansion of the initial value. It has been used to study the properties of solutions like certain conservative laws and construct electromagnetic waves with certain features. In this paper, we study Maxwell's equation in a medium with non-zero currents. The structure of solutions in this setting turns out to be much more complicated than what has been achieved without currents, and a clean structure of analytic solutions as with zero current is no longer available in general. Nevertheless, we can still develop an algorithm to construct the solution effectively. Our efforts in seeking analytic solution focus on two special cases. First, we develop analytic solution under the assumption that Ohm's law is satisfied, i.e. the current density is proportional to electronic density; secondly, we add skew symmetric components under generalized Ohm's law, which is also refereed as Hall effect in literature, and study the properties of solutions. In addition, we consider the case where an independent local electromagnetic field is included and derive the analytical solution accordingly. As an application, we provide an example to use the analytic solution to construct parallel electronic and magnetic waves.