Temporal Posed and Spontaneous Gesture Recognition from Electromyography in the Rock-Paper-Scissors Game

Abstract

The importance of gesture recognition has been acknowledged in many domains requiring real-time recognition systems. Two requirements for these are fast recognition in multiuser contexts. Therefore, we explored the temporal characteristics of electromyography (EMG) and its accuracy in recognizing gestures in a Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) game. Twenty-four participants played RPS in dyads, while a two-channel EMG was recorded from the forearm. We found out that EMG onsets could be detected at least 800 ms before the gesture's visible onset, and that the EMG peaks around 342 ms before the visible onset of the gesture. Furthermore, we evaluated self-gesture recognition in both posed and spontaneous gesture conditions. The mean accuracy for posed gestures reached 63.4%. The model trained on posed gestures achieved 53.6% for spontaneous gestures, with considerable variation across individuals. We also checked whether detecting a player's gesture from the opponent's EMG was possible. The peak mean accuracy was 65%, peaking at 2082 ms after the visual onset of the gesture. This suggests that the opponent's reaction to an observed gesture contains information about the observed gesture due to the dynamics of the interactions while playing. The temporal predictive advantage of EMG signals, where muscle activation precedes observable movement, offers potential benefits for applications requiring rapid intent recognition, such as human-computer interaction and assistive technologies. Future work should focus on refining onset detection and reducing the impact of spontaneous movement variability across conditions to improve recognition performance in dynamic and real-world environments.