Seismic full waveform inversion via a physics-guided Fourier representation neural network

Abstract

Accurate subsurface velocity models are essential for seismic imaging, yet conventional full waveform inversion (FWI) often suffers from cycle skipping, noise sensitivity, and reliance on good initial models. We develop a physics-guided Fourier representation neural network (PGFRNN) for unsupervised acoustic FWI and simultaneous-source FWI (SSFWI), which embeds Fourier-transformed seismic data into a latent space and iteratively updates the velocity model using a softplus-approximated log-cosh (SALC) loss and a physics-guided optimizer. Numerical tests on the Overthrust model demonstrate that PGFRNN outperforms conventional L2- and SALC-loss-based FWI methods, achieving higher inversion accuracy and robustness to noise and challenging initial models.