Feasibility study of light sterile neutrino searches with a future NINJA-like detector

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of future NINJA-like experiment at J-PARC to eV-scale sterile neutrinos within the 3+1 framework. We perform a phenomenological feasibility study using the $ν_μ\rightarrow ν_e$ appearance, $ν_μ\rightarrow ν_μ$ and $ν_e \rightarrow ν_e$ disappearance channels, focusing on possible future configurations of the detector located at different floors of the NM building (B2, SS, and GROUND), corresponding to different off-axis angles. Our analysis is based on a simplified and effective detector response, in which events are classified into electron-like and muon-like topologies and constant benchmark selection efficiencies are applied. We explore different exposure scenarios and assess the impact of analysis choices such as upper energy cuts. We include systematic uncertainties corresponding to normalization for signal and background rates and study the robustness of our results with respect to variations in the assumed energy resolution, and vary efficiencies for key backgrounds such as muon misidentification from charge current and neutral current interactions. Finally, we examine the effects of combining data from multiple detector locations. We find that the SS floor provides the strongest constraints on the active-sterile mixing parameters, while the B2 and GROUND configurations offer constraints comparable to the current bounds for probed mass-squared differences. Our results indicate that a NINJA-like detector, optimized for sufficient statistics and benchmark identification performance, has the potential to provide competitive constraints on light sterile neutrino scenarios in its future runs.