The Ashbaugh--Benguria reciprocal-gap conjecture for Dirichlet eigenvalues

Abstract

We prove the Ashbaugh--Benguria reciprocal-gap conjecture for the Dirichlet Laplacian in every dimension $N\ge2$. Specifically, if $Ω\subset\mathbb R^N$ is a bounded domain and $$ 0<λ_1(Ω)<λ_2(Ω)\leλ_3(Ω)\le\cdots $$ are its Dirichlet eigenvalues, then $$ \sum_{i=1}^{N} \frac{λ_1(Ω)} {λ_{i+1}(Ω)-λ_1(Ω)} \ge \frac{N}{j_{N/2,1}^2/j_{N/2-1,1}^2-1}, $$ where $j_{μ,1}$ denotes the first positive zero of the Bessel function $J_μ$ of the first kind of order $μ$. We also characterize the equality case: equality holds precisely when $Ω$ agrees with a Euclidean ball up to a set of Sobolev $H^1$-capacity zero. In particular, among bounded Lipschitz domains, equality holds if and only if $Ω$ is a Euclidean ball.