Shear and crystallization in deformable granular packings: why don't auxetics order?

Abstract

Shear of three-dimensional, highly compressed granular packings is simulated using a bonded particle approach that explicitly resolves elastic deformation. Varying Poisson&#39;s ratio $ν$ produces significant changes in rheology, packing structure, and grain morphology. During flow, conventional systems ($ν> 0$) readily crystallize while auxetics ($ν< 0$) resist ordering. This duality reflects the fact that conventional grains develop polyhedral-like facets but conserve volume while auxetics behave oppositely, demonstrating an unexpected interaction between elasticity, geometry, and crystallization.