The influence of the transverse electric field on accelerating vortex state in the axisymmetric electric field

Abstract

The relativistic vortex states of massive charged particles propagating in non-uniform axisymmetric electric field are studied. Starting from the stationary-state equation after the relativistic Foldy-Wouthuysen (FW) transformation and employing the paraxial approximation, the coupled evolution equations for the beam width, wavefront curvature, and Gouy phase are derived. The equations are solved numerically for a quadratic electrostatic potential, an immersion lens, and an einzel lens. The essential influence of the transverse field on beam evolution is demonstrated. The results provide a relativistic quantum framework for controlling accelerated vortex particle beams using electrostatic fields.