Advancing axion detection: Photon regeneration in high-sensitivity Penning trap experiments

Abstract

The axion, a hypothetical particle proposed to solve the strong CP problem and considered a viable candidate for dark matter, has prompted extensive experimental efforts for its detection. This study presents a novel approach combining photon regeneration techniques ("light-shining-through-a-wall") with high-sensitivity Penning trap technologies to enhance the search for axions. Penning traps offer significant advantages, including precise electromagnetic field measurement, strong magnetic fields, and single-particle detection capabilities. By integrating these traps with resonantly enhanced photon regeneration using microwave cavities, our proposed method significantly increases sensitivity to axion-photon couplings. Preliminary calculations demonstrate an unprecedented achievable sensitivity, reaching an axion-photon coupling constant limit of $g_{aγγ} \le 7.10\times 10^{-8}\mathrm{GeV ^{-1}}$ in just one day, specifically targeting axion energies below 1 MHz. This experimental setup presents a robust and controlled platform, circumventing astrophysical uncertainties, and represents a substantial advancement in laboratory searches for axions and our understanding of dark matter.