Unexpected Far-Near-Far Transition in Mobile Near Field Terahertz Communications

Abstract

At THz frequencies, the radiative near-field distance can be sufficiently large to matter in real deployments. Existing near-field formulas are often understood in a simple way: as the link distance decreases, the propagation regime is expected to change only once, i.e., from far field to near field. This paper shows that this intuition can fail for an elevated access point with downward tilt serving a ground user moving along the ground. Along such a path, the link distance and the viewing angle change together, so the near-field to far-field transition may take place more than once, creating an unexpected far-near-far transition. In this paper, we derive analytical conditions for when this transition occurs for tilted ULA-to-point and UPA-to-point scenarios and compute the corresponding transition point(s) on the ground. Numerical results validate the analysis and further show that this behavior depends strongly on the deployment geometry and can also arise at lower frequencies.