Using Tanner Spectral Reduction to Improve Multi-Layer Optical Lattice Routing for Hypergraph-Product and Bivariate Bicycle qLDPC Codes

Abstract

We characterize the Tanner graph spectrum of hypergraph-product (HGP) / lifted-product (LP) codes and bivariate-bicycle (BB) codes, informing qubit routing for three-dimensional reconfigurable qubit architectures. Syndrome-extraction routing depth on HGP/LP Tanner graphs reduces to a single SVD on the base parity-check matrix, using a spectral ratio $β_\text{HGP} = (1 + β_\text{base})/2$ where $β_\text{base} = σ_2(H)/σ_1(H)$ for the base parity-check matrix, and a diameter identity $D_T = 2 D_\text{base}$ where $D_\text{base}$ is the base Tanner graph diameter. Fourier spectral reduction reveals that the BB Tanner graph spectrum equals the union, over the $l \times m$ grid of characters of $\mathbb{Z}_l \times \mathbb{Z}_m$, of the singular values of a single $2 \times 2$ symbol matrix built from the two defining polynomials. This reduces spectral analysis from an $O((lm)^3)$ diagonalization of the $4lm$-node Tanner graph to $lm$ independent $2 \times 2$ SVDs. These results compose into a multi-layer three-dimensional AOL routing protocol with one-time setup cost $T_\text{Valiant} = O(\log N)$ atom rearrangements amortizable over a memory experiment of $R$ rounds. For a Tanner graph chromatic index $χ'$ and $L_\text{layers}$ stacked AOL planes, the per-syndrome-cycle depth is $\lceil χ'/L_\text{layers} \rceil$ AOL pattern activations with no atom motion, an $8\times$ step-count reduction at $L_\text{layers} \geq χ' = 8$. Contingent on multi-layer AOL hardware, this yields an estimated $\sim50-300\times$ per-cycle wall-clock advantage over a single-layer AOD baseline (degrading to $\sim5-100\times$ under AOD-crosstalk overhead), reducing to equality in the single-layer limit. This paper therefore presents a route toward practical routing improvement for future quantum hardware incorporating multi-layer reconfigurable qubit architectures.