Active Particles Imprint Persistent Percolating Networks in Polymer Condensates

Abstract

Fluid condensates readily exchange components and reorganize, and in doing so typically erase structural history. Using simulations of sticker-spacer polymers in an active particle bath, we show that activity drives condensates from compact droplets into system-spanning percolated networks by enhancing interchain connectivity, suppressing intrachain collapse, and increasing topological constraints through interchain winding. The network persists after the active particles are removed, despite continued polymer exchange and contact turnover, revealing a fluid-like state with activity-induced topological imprinting. Hence, activity can write long-lived structural organization and memory into fluid condensates.