The Young Tableaux Hopf algebra and multiple Schur series

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce multiple Schur series, which are defined by Schur-type sums over semi-standard Young tableaux and generalize both Schur multiple zeta values and multiple Eisenstein series. To study their algebraic structure, we construct a connected, commutative, graded Hopf algebra of Young tableaux and identify its linearized quotient with the quasi-shuffle algebra. Within this Hopf algebra and its quotient, we establish several relations, including a hook formula and the Jacobi--Trudi formula. Furthermore, we relate this Hopf algebra to the ring of symmetric functions, which yields polynomial reduction formulas for tableaux with constant entries. As applications, we recover Schur multiple zeta values, introduce Schur multiple Eisenstein series together with a $q$-analogue of Schur multiple zeta values, and discuss their (quasi)modularity.