GHz-rate all-fiber active polarization state analyzer for quantum protocols

Abstract

Active selection of the measurement basis underpins quantum protocols including device-independent quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation with active feed-forward, and Bell tests. High-speed operation is crucial to minimize the latency between consecutive measurement choices, enabling faster protocol execution and higher achievable communication rates. Here, we demonstrate a GHz-rate all-fiber polarization state analyzer enabling active, trial-by-trial reconfiguration of the measurement basis, which we validate by performing a CHSH Bell test. The state analyzer is based on a fiber Sagnac interferometer incorporating a lithium niobate electro-optic phase modulator, built entirely using off-the-shelf fiber-optic components. Operating at a nominal repetition rate of 1 GHz, the system performs dynamic polarization measurements for the CHSH Bell test, achieving polarization visibilities up to 99% and a violation of $S = 2.6975 \pm 0.0005$, certifying entanglement at an unprecedented rate. Furthermore, the system demonstrates excellent long-term stability, preserving the Bell-inequality violation for more than 6 hours without realignment. These results establish the proposed state analyzer as a versatile, scalable platform for quantum communication protocols requiring fast, reconfigurable polarization-state measurements.