Navigating the Open-Source Model Ecosystem: An Empirical Study of Creator Practices in Artistic Image Generation

Abstract

The open-sourcing of powerful image generation models has created a vibrant ecosystem where creators curate and combine a vast array of community-contributed models. This practice stands in sharp contrast to using closed-source tools like Midjourney. Yet, little is known about these emerging creative workflows. To bridge this gap, this paper presents the first large-scale empirical study of creator model usage behavior within this open-source image generation ecosystem. We construct a novel dataset of 6 million images with their embedded generation metadata -- a detailed recipe of the creation process, including the models used and the prompts. By linking the usage of 22.4K base models and 154K LoRA models to the images, our findings underscore the ecosystem's unique strengths and its inherent obstacles. This provides valuable insights for making this ecosystem more sustainable and innovative. Moreover, we make our dataset publicly available, providing creators with practical references for producing better artworks and researchers to facilitate further studies.