Anisotropic Dirac-Born-Infeld Inflation with Non-Vacuum Initial States: Primordial Perturbations, Non-Gaussianity, and Observational Constraints

Abstract

We investigate linear and nonlinear primordial perturbations in an anisotropic Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) inflationary model with a non-vacuum initial state. Using the Arnowitt-Deser- Misner (ADM) formalism, we expand the action up to second and third order in the curvature perturbation and derive the corresponding scalar and tensor power spectra, as well as the bispectrum and the equilateral non-linearity parameter \(f_{NL}^{\mathrm{equil}}\). The effects of anisotropic corrections and non-Bunch-Davies (non-BD) initial conditions are incorporated through the slow-roll sector and Bogoliubov coefficients. For the numerical analysis, we consider an intermediate expansion scenario together with a phenomenological ansatz for the excited-state occupation number \(N_k\). By comparing the model predictions with recent observational datasets, including Planck2018 TT, TE, EE + lowE + lensing + BK18 + BAO and DESI+CMB+DESY5 data, we identify observationally viable regions in the parameter space of the model. Our analysis indicates that the anisotropic DBI scenario with non-vacuum initial conditions can remain compatible with current constraints on the scalar spectral index, tensor-to-scalar ratio, and equilateral non-Gaussianity for suitable ranges of the anisotropy parameter \(c\) and the initial-state parameter \(N_{k,0}\).