Shape-Transition in Non-Euclidean Ribbons

Abstract

Ribbons are thin elastic bodies whose thickness $t$ is much smaller than their width $w$, which is in turn much smaller than their length. Starting from a three-dimensional model, we derive a one-dimensional limit theory for ribbons with rough prestrain, by means of $Γ$-convergence. Our model shows that for narrow ribbons, the energy minimizer coincides with the reference (effective) second fundamental form along the midline, while for wide ribbons this is generically not the case. This proves the existence of shape-transitions in such ribbons, as observed in many experiments, generalizing recent results by Maor & Mora to rough prestrains, which more accurately model many of the relevant physical systems. Our analysis combines techniques from the study of Euclidean ribbons due to Freddi et al., the work of Schmidt on dimension reduction of prestrained plates, and a new structure theorem on the scaled limiting strain due to Maor & Mora.