The complex separation and extensions of Rokhlin congruence for curves on surfaces

Abstract

The subject of this paper is the problem of arrangement of real algebraic curves on real algebraic surfaces. In this paper we extend Rokhlin, Kharlamov-Gudkov-Krakhnov and Kharlamov-Marin congruences for curves on surfaces and give some applications of this extension. For some pairs consisting of a surface and a curve on this surface (in particular for M-pairs) we introduce a new structure --- the complex separation that is separation of the complement of curve into two surfaces. In accordance with Rokhlin terminology the complex separation is a complex topological characteristic of real algebraic varieties. The complex separation is similar to complex orientations introduced by O.Ya.Viro (to the absolute complex orientation in the case when a curve is empty and to the relative complex orientation otherwise). In some cases we calculate the complex separation of a surface (for example in the case when surface is the double branched covering of another surface along a curve). With the help of these calculations applications of the extension of Rokhlin congruence gives some new restrictions for complex orientations of curves on a hyperboloid.