An iterative technique for solving equations of statistical equilibrium

Abstract

Superlevel partitioning is combined with a simple relaxation procedure to construct an iterative technique for solving equations of statistical equilibrium. In treating an $N$-level model atom, the technique avoids the $N^{3}$ scaling in computer time for direct solutions with standard linear equation routines and also does not fail at large $N$ due to the accumulation of round-off errors. In consequence, the technique allows detailed model atoms with $N \ga 10^{3}$, such as those required for iron peak elements, to be incorporated into diagnostic codes for analysing astronomical spectra. Tests are reported for a 394-level Fe II ion and a 1266-level Ni I--IV atom.