RXTE observations of single pulses of PSR B0531+21 I: Flux variations

Abstract

This article is the first in the series that analyze about 1.87 million periods of PSR B0531+21 (Crab pulsar), observed by the PCA detector aboard the RXTE x-ray observatory. The Crab pulsar's x-ray light curve shows little variation over time scales ranging from days to a period (33.46 milli seconds). The standard deviation of its x-ray flux variation is $\approx$ 0.7% of its mean value, which is negligible compared to its radio flux variations. The phase resolved power spectrum of pulse to pulse x-ray flux variation shows no spectral feature; an upper limit to the peak of any possible broad spectral feature is 0.06% of the mean power. The x-ray fluxes in the two components of its integrated profile are unrelated to each other; their linear correlation coefficient is 0.0004$\pm$0.0010. ``Giant pulses'' that are routinely seen at radio wavelengths are absent here. This work sets very strong constraints on the connection (if any) between the flux variations at radio and x-ray energies, for example due to variation in the degree of coherence of the basic emitters. Its phase resolved x-ray flux variation shows a weak correlation with the integrated profile. If confirmed, this might be an important clue to understanding the x-ray emission mechanism of Crab pulsar.