Hypernovae, Black-Hole-Forming Supernovae, and First Stars

Abstract

Recent studies of core-collapse supernovae have revealed the existence of two distinct classes of massive supernovae (SNe): 1) very energetic SNe (Hypernovae), whose kinetic energy (KE) exceeds $10^{52}$ erg, about 10 times the KE of normal core-collapse SNe, and 2) very faint and low energy SNe (E < 0.5 $\times$ $10^{51}$ erg; Faint supernovae). These two classes of supernovae are likely to be &#34;black-hole-forming&#34; supernovae with rotating or non-rotating black holes. We compare their nucleosynthesis yields with the abundances of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars to identify the Pop III (or first) supernovae. We show that the EMP stars, especially the C-rich type, are likely to be enriched by black-hole-forming supernovae.