Holographic cosmic energy, fundamental physics and the future of the universe

Abstract

Holographic dark energy models have been recently suggested which most clearly show that accelerating cosmology appears to be incompatible with mathematically consistent formulations of fundamental theories such as string/M theories. In this paper it is however argued that holographic phantom models are no longer incompatible with such theories, provided that we allow for the existence of wormholes and ringholes near the big rip singularity and a quantization condition on the parameter of the equation of state is introduced. It is also seen that such a condition actually implies a quantization of the phantom energy which stabilizes the fluid against decay processes.