Testing the Blazar Paradigm: ASCA Observations of FSRQs with Steep Soft X-ray Spectra

Abstract

We present the first observations at medium-hard X-rays with ASCA in 1998 August--November of four Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), characterized by unusually steep soft X-ray spectra (photon index, Γ_{0.2-2.4 keV} \sim 2-2.5), as previously measured with ROSAT. Such steep X-ray slopes are similar to those observed in synchrotron-dominated BL Lacs and are unexpected in the context of the recent blazar paradigm, where sources with strong emission lines (such as FSRQs) are dominated in soft X-rays by a flat inverse Compton tail. We find that the ASCA spectra of the four FSRQs are consistent with a power law model with Γ_{2-10 keV} \sim 1.8, flatter than their ROSAT spectra. This indicates the onset of an inverse Compton component at energies \gtrsim 2 keV, in agreement with the blazar unification scheme. However, these objects are still anomalous within the blazar class for their steep soft X-ray continua which, together with non-simultaneous data at longer wavelengths, hint at the possibility that the synchrotron emission extends to soft X-rays. This would imply an anomalously high synchotron peak frequency for a quasar with luminous broad lines, challenging current blazar unification schemes. Alternatively, a plausible explanation for the steep optical-to-soft X-ray continua of the four FSRQs is thermal emission from the accretion disk, similar to the blazars 3C~273 and 3C~345. In the Appendix, we present fits to the SIS data in an effort to contribute to the ongoing calibration of the the time-dependence of the SIS response at low energies.