Large Petermann factor in chaotic cavities with many scattering channels

Abstract

The quantum-limited linewidth of a laser cavity is enhanced above the Schawlow-Townes value by the Petermann factor K, due to the non-orthogonality of the cavity modes. The average Petermann factor $<K>$ in an ensemble of cavities with chaotic scattering and broken time-reversal symmetry is calculated non-perturbatively using random-matrix theory and the supersymmetry technique, as a function of the decay rate $Γ$ of the lasing mode and the number of scattering channels N. We find for $N\gg 1$ that for typical values of $Γ$ the average Petermann factor $<K>\propto \sqrt{N}\gg 1$ is parametrically larger than unity.