Similarity Solutions and Collapse in the Attractive Gross-Pitaevskii Equation

Abstract

We analyse a generalised Gross-Pitaevskii equation involving a paraboloidal trap potential in $D$ space dimensions and generalised to a nonlinearity of order $2n+1$. For {\em attractive} coupling constants collapse of the particle density occurs for $Dn\ge 2$ and typically to a $δ$-function centered at the origin of the trap. By introducing a new dynamical variable for the spherically symmetric solutions we show that all such solutions are self-similar close to the center of the trap. Exact self-similar solutions occur if, and only if, $Dn=2$, and for this case of $Dn=2$ we exhibit an exact but rather special D=1 analytical self-similar solution collapsing to a $δ$-function which however recovers and collapses periodically, while the ordinary G-P equation in 2 space dimensions also has a special solution with periodic $δ$-function collapses and revivals of the density. The relevance of these various results to attractive Bose-Einstein condensation in spherically symmetric traps is discussed.