Easy collective polarization switching in ferroelectrics

Abstract

The actual mechanism of polarization switching in ferroelectrics remains a puzzle for many decades, since the usually estimated barrier for nucleation and growth is insurmountable ("paradox of the coercive field"). To analyze the mechanisms of the nucleation we consider the exactly solvable case of a ferroelectric film with a "dead" layer at the interface with electrodes. The classical nucleation is easier in this case but still impossible, since the calculated barrier is huge. We have found that the {\em interaction} between the nuclei is, however, long range, hence one has to study an {\em ensemble} of the nuclei. We show that there are the ensembles of small (embryonic) nuclei that grow {\em without the barrier}. We submit that the interaction between nuclei is the key point for solving the paradox.